CRESCENT CITY, Fla. -- According to the Orlando Sentinel, crew
members backed up the account of an Amtrak Auto Train engineer who
said he saw a buckled track just before his train derailed, federal
investigators said Saturday.
Investigators also said the
section of track near Crescent City where the Auto Train derailed
Thursday, killing four passengers, had recently been
repaired.
The engineer told investigators he activated the
emergency brake because he saw a section of track about a car length
ahead that appeared to bulge out of place about 10 inches.
A
second engineer who was in the locomotive and a conductor who was
two cars back told investigators that just before the derailment,
they felt the train strike a disjointed spot in the track and they
also pulled the emergency brake, said George Black of the
NTSB.
More than half of the train's 40 cars left the tracks,
injuring more than 100 of the 452 passengers and crew aboard and
ripping out a long section of the track, which is owned and operated
by CSX Corp. The lead locomotive came to rest 1,325 feet, 7 inches
from the point of derailment.
Along with the investigation,
work continued Saturday to clear the derailed cars and reopen the
track, the main rail line from Orlando to the Northeast. Auto Train
officials made arrangements to get the hundreds of stranded
passengers and their cars to their destinations.
The track is
expected to be reopened this morning. The Auto Train, which operates
between Sanford and Lorton, Va., may be back in service by
Tuesday.
Probe focuses on track
Black emphasized that
investigators had not ruled anything out, but he said, "At this
point in the investigation, we're focusing on the
track."
Black would not name the engineer who first pulled
the emergency brake Thursday, but he said the engineer has 35 years
of experience, and he described him as "well-qualified." Black said
routine breath tests of the crew showed they had not been
drinking.
The train's two engineers were put on temporary
administrative leave, a standard procedure in an investigation,
Amtrak spokeswoman Kathleen Cantillon said Saturday. She said she
didn't think either played a role in the accident.
"We feel
they acted appropriately," Cantillon said.
Investigators have
not determined whether the rail was the cause of the crash. But the
type of welded rail used on the track has a history of buckling,
especially in hot conditions, as the steel expands and contracts, a
condition known as a "sun kink."
While air temperatures have
been only in the 80s, the track can get much hotter. On Saturday,
Black said, the track reached 120 degrees.
Two years ago, an
audit by the Federal Railroad Administration identified numerous
problems in CSX's track maintenance, including defects that had
caused derailments. CSX officials said they have made improvements
that reduced the number of derailments since then, and they said
there is no proof that a rail defect caused Thursday's
accident.
Rail workers said the stretch near the derailment,
known as the Silver Lake Curve, has been the site of frequent
repairs.
In March, the track in that area was resurfaced. At
about the same time, workers also replaced a wooden rail tie within
100 feet of the derailment site, investigators said.
After
repair work, investigators said, the speed limit on the curve,
normally 60 mph, was temporarily reduced to 25 mph.
The "slow
order" lowering the speed had been lifted April 9.
The Auto
Train was traveling at 56 mph when it derailed.
CSX spokesman
Adam Hollingsworth said all the recent work on the curve was "very
routine maintenance," including smoothing, leveling and aligning the
rails and tamping down the gravel "ballast" that keeps the ties and
rails in place.
Crash echoes Texas wreck
Some aspects
of Thursday's derailment appeared similar to the derailment in
December 1998 of an Amtrak train in Arlington, Texas, that injured
22 people.
In that crash, the engineer of the last train to
safely pass through the curve before the derailment reported seeing
a sun kink in the rail, although the temperature was only 40-50
degrees.
Just four days before the Texas crash, a
rail-maintenance worker had tamped down the ballast with a machine
that compacts the gravel, and the speed of trains was temporarily
reduced.
In January, NTSB investigators blamed the Texas
derailment in part on improper maintenance and a failure to pass
along information about the defective rail, and they said heavy rain
in the area after a long drought also may have caused the track bed
to shift.
The last train to pass through the Silver Lake
Curve on Thursday before the Auto Train was a 95-car freight train
hauling coal to the Orlando Utilities Commission power plant east of
Orlando.
The OUC train reported no problems with the track.
Investigators who inspected the train's "black box" data recorder
said Saturday that it was traveling at 36 mph through the derailment
site and that it did not use its brakes there, something that could
displace a rail.
Investigators said track-side "defect
detectors" designed to warn of damaged train wheels or dragging
equipment spotted no problems on the trains that passed through the
curve Thursday.
About two dozen injured passengers and crew
remained in hospitals across Central Florida on Saturday, but most
were in satisfactory or fair condition.
One patient remained
in critical condition at a Gainesville hospital, and two others were
in serious condition at hospitals in Jacksonville and Daytona
Beach.
At Putnam Community Health Center, eight of 15
patients from the train crash were released Saturday, and those who
remained were listed in stable condition.
Crowds dwindle at
crash site
In tiny Crescent City, there was a shrinking crowd
of visitors who came to see the site of the derailment
Saturday.
Fourteen-year-old Ian Pickens said things were
getting back to normal after a couple of days of being on the
network news and watching his school auditorium being used to house
and feed stranded train passengers.
"All we've got here is
one stoplight and five fast-food restaurants," he said. "No doubt
this is the biggest thing to happen in Crescent City."